1. Parametric tests (such as / or ANOVA) differ from nonparametric tests (such as chi-square) primarily in terms of the assumptions they require and the data they use. Explain these differences.

3. A researcher is investigating the physical characteristics that influence whether a person's face is judged as beautiful. The researcher selects a photograph of a woman and then creates two modifications of the photo by (1) moving the eyes slightly farther apart and ' (2) moving the eyes slightly closer together. The original photograph and the two modifications are then shown to a sample of n = 150 college students, and each student is asked to select the "most beautiful" of the three faces. The distribution of responses was as follows:

Original Eyes Moved apart Eyes moved together

51 72 27

Do the data indicate any significant preferences among the three versions of the photograph? Test at the .05 level of significance.

5. To investigate the phenomenon of "home team advantage," a researcher recorded the outcome from 64 college football games on one Saturday in October. Of the 64 games, 42 were won by home teams. Does this result provide enough evidence to conclude that home

teams win significantly more than would be expected by chance? Assume that winning and losing are equally likely events if there is no home team advantage. Use \(\alpha \) = .05.

16. Research has demonstrated that involvement in religious activities seems to benefit health and well-being. For example, Reyes-Ortiz, Ayele, Mulligan, Espino, Berges, and Markides (2006) found that church attendance was significantly related to fear of falling in a sample of Mexican-Americans aged,70 and over. The following frequency distribution represents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Do the data indicate a significant relationship between church attendance and fear of falling? Test at the .05 level of significance.

No Fear Somewhat Afraid Fairly Afraid Very Afraid

Church 51 68 52 29 = 200

No Church 15 28 29 28 = 100

n= 300

Above complete question 16 text using SPSS. Be sure to weight cases according to frequency count. Use copy or copy object and paste the output from the Analyze>Descriptive Statistics>Crosstabs… command into your Assignment Worksheet. Also provide a one-paragraph interpretation of the data in the table

20. Apparently there is a huge amount of misunderstanding concerning how the process of visual perception works. Specifically, many people believe incorrectly) that at least part of looking at things involves energy going out of the eyes rather than energy coming into the eyes. This misunderstanding, seem to be more common among children than among adults, but a surprisingly large number of college students still do not understand the process of seeing. Winer and Cottrell (1996) asked first-graders and college students to decide what happens when we look at something: does energy go out of our eyes, come into our eyes, or go both directions? The following frequency data are similar to those obtained by Winer and Cottrell. Do the data indicate a significant difference in the distribution of answers for the college students and for the children? Test at the .05 level of significance.

21. Although the phenomenon is not well understood, it appears that people born during the winter months are slightly more likely to develop schizophrenia than people born at other times (Bradbury & Miller, l9g5). The following hypothetical data represent a sample of

50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a sample of 100 people with no psychotic diagnosis. Each individual is also classified according to season in which he or she was born. Do the data indicate a significant relationship between schizophrenia and the season of birth? Test at the .05 level of significance. Season of Birth

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