Directions: For each of the following, determine if the correct interpretation of the analysis occurred and if not which type of error (Type 1 or Type II) was made.

1. It was hypothesized that pregnant women who self-administer epidural analgesia will use less total fentanyl than women in the control group with nurse-administered boluses. The results of the t-test analysis were t=2.96, p<.001. The researchers concluded that women who self-administered their epidural analgesia use less anesthesia than those women who do not.
2. It was hypothesized that there are differences in gestational weight gain based on pre-pregnancy weight (measured underweight, normal, and overweight). The results of the ANOVA analysis were F=1.3, p=.51. The researchers concluded that you could determine a woman’s gestational weight gain by her pre-pregnancy weight.
3. It was hypothesized that men will have more social support following open-heart surgery than women. Results of the t-test analysis were t-9.28, p=.0000. The researchers concluded that men do not have more social support than women.
4. It was hypothesized that using a topical anesthesia would result in more successful venous punctures. The results of the Chi-square analysis were Chi-square = 11.87, p=.012. The researchers concluded that topical anesthesia was not effective in increasing successful venipunctures.

Directions: Read each hypothesis and reported data and answer the questions below.

Hypothesis one: There is a difference between runners and non-runners in the relative value placed on personal health.

Reported data: The hypothesis was tested using Chi-square, with an alpha set at .05. The findings reported were as follows: Chi-square = 6.8, p<.019. The researchers concluded that greater value was placed on personal health by the runners than by the non-runners.

1. What would be the null hypothesis?
2. What was the preset level of probability?
3. What level of probability was found to exist between the two sets of data?
4. Were the findings statistically significant?
5. Did the researchers make a correct decision?
   Hypothesis two: After treatment, the group receiving a towel bath will have lower anxiety scores that patients receiving a conventional bed bath.
   Reported data: Two sample t-tests were used on the state anxiety scores and palmer sweat scores to test the hypothesis. Prior to the bath, there was no significant differences between the two groups on either state anxiety scores or palmer sweat scores. Immediately after the bath procedure, a significant difference in groups means was observed for the state anxiety scores (t=2.04, p=.045) with the lower scores for patients receiving towel bath. There was no significant differences one hour following the bath. At no time were there significant differences in palmer sweat scores. The researchers concluded that towel baths do result in lower anxiety scores.
6. What was the null hypothesis?
7. What was the preset level of probability?
8. What level of probability was found to exist between the two sets of data?
9. Were they statistically significant?
10. Did the researcher make the correct decision?
11. The correlation between the number of days absent per year and annual salary in a sample of 100 nurses was found to be -0.23, p, .05. What does this result mean?
    Directions: Read the following research problem and review the two tables and then interpret the results.
    A group of nurse researchers measured the amount in time (in minutes) spent in recreational activities by a sample of 200 hospitalized paraplegic patients. They compared male and female patients as well as those aged 50 and younger versus those over 50 years old. The four groups means (50 subjects per group) were as follows:
    Age Male Female
    < 50 years 98.2 70.1
    >50 years 50.8 68.3
    A two-way ANOVA yielded the following results:
    F dF p
    Gender 3.61 1,196 NS
    Age group 5.87 1.196 <.05
    Gender x Age group 6.96 1,196 >.01
12. Interpret the meaning of these results

Match each phrase in Set B with one of the phrases in Set A

Set A

1. Measures of central tendency
2. Measures of variability
3. Measures of neither central tendency nor variability
4. Measures of both central tendency and variability

Set B

1. The range _____
2. In lay terms, the average ____
3. A normal distribution _____
4. The standard deviation _____

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