Question: Determine the null and alternative hypotheses in each case, and state if the test is left, right, or \(\begin{array}{lc}\text { two tailed. } & \text { (5 pts each) }\end{array}\)

1. The manufacturer of a refrigerator system for beer kegs produces refrigerators that are supposed to maintain a true mean temperature of \(\mu\) equal to \(48^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), ideal for a certain type of German pilsner. The owner of the brewery does not agree with the refrigerator manufacturer, and claims he can prove the true mean temperature is incorrect.
2. Carter Motor Company claims that its new sedan, the Libra, will average better than 30 miles per gallon in the city.
3. A manufacturer considers the production process to be out of control when defects exceed \(3 \%\). In a random sample of 85 items, the defect rate is \(5.9 \%\) but the manager claims that this is only a sample fluctuation and the production process is not really out of control.

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